A for loop is very valuable when we need to iterate over a list of elements or a range of numbers. Loop can be used to iterate over a list, data frame, vector, matrix or any other object. The braces and square bracket are compulsory.

In this tutorial, we will learn,

• For Loop Syntax and Examples
• For Loop over a list
• For Loop over a matrix

For Loop Syntax and Examples

For (i in vector) {
    Exp	
}

Here,

R will loop over all the variables in vector and do the computation written inside the exp.

Let’s see a few examples.

Example 1: We iterate over all the elements of a vector and print the current value.

fruit <- c('Apple', 'Orange', 'Passion fruit', 'Banana')
# Create the for statement
for ( i in fruit){ 
 print(i)
}

Output:

## [1] "Apple"
## [1] "Orange"
## [1] "Passion fruit"
## [1] "Banana"

Example 2: creates a non-linear function by using the polynomial of x between 1 and 4 and we store it in a list

# Create an empty list
list <- c()
# Create a for statement to populate the list
for (i in seq(1, 4, by=1)) {
  list[[i]] <- i*i
}
print(list)

Output:

## [1]   1  4 9 16

The for loop is very valuable for machine learning tasks. After we have trained a model, we need to regularize the model to avoid over-fitting. Regularization is a very tedious task because we need to find the value that minimizes the loss function. To help us detect those values, we can make use of a for loop to iterate over a range of values and define the best candidate.

For Loop over a list

Looping over a list is just as easy and convenient as looping over a vector. Let’s see an example

# Create a list with three vectors
fruit <- list(Basket = c('Apple', 'Orange', 'Passion fruit', 'Banana'), 
Money = c(10, 12, 15), purchase = FALSE)
for (p  in fruit) 
{ 
	print(p)
}

Output:

## [1] "Apple" "Orange" "Passion fruit" "Banana"       
## [1] 10 12 15
## [1] FALSE

For Loop over a matrix

A matrix has 2-dimension, rows and columns. To iterate over a matrix, we have to define two for loop, namely one for the rows and another for the column.

# Create a matrix
mat <- matrix(data = seq(10, 20, by=1), nrow = 6, ncol =2)
# Create the loop with r and c to iterate over the matrix
for (r in 1:nrow(mat))   
    for (c in 1:ncol(mat))  
         print(paste("Row", r, "and column",c, "have values of", mat[r,c]))  

Output:

## [1] "Row 1 and column 1 have values of 10"
## [1] "Row 1 and column 2 have values of 16"
## [1] "Row 2 and column 1 have values of 11"
## [1] "Row 2 and column 2 have values of 17"
## [1] "Row 3 and column 1 have values of 12"
## [1] "Row 3 and column 2 have values of 18"
## [1] "Row 4 and column 1 have values of 13"
## [1] "Row 4 and column 2 have values of 19"
## [1] "Row 5 and column 1 have values of 14"
## [1] "Row 5 and column 2 have values of 20"
## [1] "Row 6 and column 1 have values of 15"
## [1] "Row 6 and column 2 have values of 10"

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