Machine Learning for Beginners in Python: How to Plot The Learning Curve

Plot The Learning Curve

 

Preliminaries


/* Load libraries */
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier
from sklearn.datasets import load_digits
from sklearn.model_selection import learning_curve

Load Digits Dataset


/* Load data */
digits = load_digits()

/* Create feature matrix and target vector */
X, y = digits.data, digits.target

Plot Learning Curve


/* Create CV training and test scores for various training set sizes */
train_sizes, train_scores, test_scores = learning_curve(RandomForestClassifier(), 
                                                        X, 
                                                        y,
                                                        # Number of folds in cross-validation
                                                        cv=10,
                                                        # Evaluation metric
                                                        scoring='accuracy',
                                                        # Use all computer cores
                                                        n_jobs=-1, 
                                                        # 50 different sizes of the training set
                                                        train_sizes=np.linspace(0.01, 1.0, 50))

/* Create means and standard deviations of training set scores */
train_mean = np.mean(train_scores, axis=1)
train_std = np.std(train_scores, axis=1)

/* Create means and standard deviations of test set scores */
test_mean = np.mean(test_scores, axis=1)
test_std = np.std(test_scores, axis=1)

/* Draw lines */
plt.plot(train_sizes, train_mean, '--', color="#111111",  label="Training score")
plt.plot(train_sizes, test_mean, color="#111111", label="Cross-validation score")

/* Draw bands */
plt.fill_between(train_sizes, train_mean - train_std, train_mean + train_std, color="#DDDDDD")
plt.fill_between(train_sizes, test_mean - test_std, test_mean + test_std, color="#DDDDDD")

/* Create plot */
plt.title("Learning Curve")
plt.xlabel("Training Set Size"), plt.ylabel("Accuracy Score"), plt.legend(loc="best")
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

png

 

Python Example for Beginners

Two Machine Learning Fields

There are two sides to machine learning:

  • Practical Machine Learning:This is about querying databases, cleaning data, writing scripts to transform data and gluing algorithm and libraries together and writing custom code to squeeze reliable answers from data to satisfy difficult and ill defined questions. It’s the mess of reality.
  • Theoretical Machine Learning: This is about math and abstraction and idealized scenarios and limits and beauty and informing what is possible. It is a whole lot neater and cleaner and removed from the mess of reality.

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