(Swift for Beginners)
Swift break Statement
In this article, you will learn to use break statement to transfer control of the program.
When you are working with loops or conditional statements, you may require to skip some statements inside the loop or terminate the loop immediately without checking the test expression
In such cases, break and continue statements are used. You will learn about continue statement in the next chapter.
The break statement stops the execution of a loop or a switch statement. It then jumps to the next statement following the loop or switch statement.
The syntax of a break statement is:
break
How break statement works?
Example 1: Swift break statement in for loop
for i in 1...5 {
if i == 4 {
break
}
print("i = (i)")
}
print("The end")
When you run the program, the output will be:
i = 1 i = 2 i = 3 The end
In the above program, the sequence being iterated over is a range from 1 to 5.
The value of i is set to the first number in the range (1), and updated to the next number of the range on each iteration.
The loop also contains an if statement with expression i == 4
. The expression when evaluated to true (on 4th iteration) executes the break
statement and the for-in loop terminates.
It then jumps outside the loop to print The end.
Example 2: Swift break statement in while loop
var currentLevel:Int = 1, finalLevel:Int = 2
var isLifeAvailable = true
while (isLifeAvailable) {
if currentLevel > finalLevel {
print("Game Completed. No level remaining")
break
}
//play game and go to next level
currentLevel += 1
print("next level")
}
print("outside of while loop")
When you run the program,the output will be:
next level next level Game Completed. No level remaining outside of while loop
In the above program, the test expression of the while loop is always true
.
When the currentLevel is greater than finalLevel, break
statement inside the if block is executed. The program then breaks out of (terminates) the while loop and executes the statements after the loop, i.e. print("outside of while loop")
..
Example 3: Swift break statement with nested loops
for j in 1...2 {
for i in 1...5 {
if i == 4 {
break
}
print("i = (i)")
}
print("j = (j)")
}
When you run the program,the output will be:
i = 1 i = 2 i = 3 j = 1 i = 1 i = 2 i = 3 j = 2
In the above program, break
statement inside the if i == 4
only terminates the execution of the inner loop for i in 1...5
. However, it continues the execution of the outer loop for j in 1...2
.
But what if you want to break
the outerloop for j in 1...2
as well. For that, we use labeled statements in Swift.
Labeled Statement with break
Statements that have prefixes in the form (label : Statement) are called as labeled statement. The label is an identifier which you can refer later in the break or continue statements. To learn more about labeled statements, visit Swift labeled statement.
How labeled statement with break works?
Here, label is an identifier. When break
statement executes, it terminates the loops inside the label, and the program jumps to the statement immediately following the labeled statement.
Example 4: Labeled Statement with break
outerloop: for j in 1...2{
innerloop: for i in 1...5 {
if i == 4 {
break outerloop
}
print("i = (i)")
}
print("j = (j)")
}
When you run the program, the output will be:
i = 1 i = 2 i = 3
In the above program, there are two labeled statements outerloop: for j in 1...2
and innerloop: for i in 1...5
.
The label names outerloop and innerloop can be used with the break
statement.
The statement break outerloop
terminates both the loops and ends the program.
If you are familiar with other programming language like C, C++, Java, etc, break
statement is used to terminate switch statement. But in Swift, switch statement finishes its execution as soon as the first matching switch case is completed. Therefore, it’s optional to add break at the switch case in Swift. To learn more, visit Swift switch statement.
Swift programming for Beginners – Swift break Statement
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