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Machine Learning for Beginners in Python: One Vs. Rest Logistic Regression

By on Tuesday, May 25, 2021

One Vs. Rest Logistic Regression

On their own, logistic regressions are only binary classifiers, meaning they cannot handle target vectors with more than two classes. However, there are clever extensions to logistic regression to do just that. In one-vs-rest logistic regression (OVR) a separate model is trained for each class predicted whether an observation is that class or not (thus making it a binary classification problem). It assumes that each classification problem (e.g. class 0 or not) is independent.

Preliminaries


/* Load libraries */
from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression
from sklearn import datasets
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler

Load Iris Flower Data


/* Load data */
iris = datasets.load_iris()
X = iris.data
y = iris.target

Standardize Features


/* Standarize features */
scaler = StandardScaler()
X_std = scaler.fit_transform(X)

Create One-Vs-Rest Logistic Regression


/* Create one-vs-rest logistic regression object */
clf = LogisticRegression(random_state=0, multi_class='ovr')

Train One-Vs-Rest Logistic Regression


/* Train model */
model = clf.fit(X_std, y)

Create Previously Unseen Observation


/* Create new observation */
new_observation = [[.5, .5, .5, .5]]

Predict Observation’s Class


/* Predict class */
model.predict(new_observation)
array([2])

View Probability Observation Is Each Class


/* View predicted probabilities */
model.predict_proba(new_observation)
array([[ 0.0829087 ,  0.29697265,  0.62011865]])

 

Python Example for Beginners

Two Machine Learning Fields

There are two sides to machine learning:

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  • Theoretical Machine Learning: This is about math and abstraction and idealized scenarios and limits and beauty and informing what is possible. It is a whole lot neater and cleaner and removed from the mess of reality.

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