Mathematical functions are present in SQL server which can be used to perform mathematical calculations. Some commonly used mathematical functions are given below:
1. SQRT():
SQRT() function is the most commonly used function. It takes any numeric values and returns the square root value of that number.

Syntax:

SELECT SQRT(..value..)

Example:

2. PI(): There are calculations which require use of pi. Using pi() function, value of PI can be used anywhere in the query.

Syntax:

SELECT PI()

Example:

3. SQUARE(): SQUARE() function is used to find the square of any number.

Syntax:

SELECT SQUARE(..value..)

Example:

4. ROUND(): ROUND() function is used to round a value to the nearest specified decimal place.

Syntax:

SELECT ROUND(..value.., number_of_decimal_places)

Example:

5. CEILING() and FLOOR()
CEILING(): CEILING() function is used to find the next highest value (integer).

Syntax:

SELECT CEILING(..value..)

FLOOR(): FLOOR() function returns the next lowest value (integer).
Syntax:

SELECT FLOOR(..value..)

Example: