Numeric Functions are used to perform operations on numbers and return numbers.
Following are the numeric functions defined in SQL:

1. ABS(): It returns the absolute value of a number.

   Syntax: SELECT ABS(-243.5);

   Output: 243.5

   SQL> SELECT ABS(-10);
   +--------------------------------------+
   | ABS(10)                                                  
   +--------------------------------------+
   | 10                                                       
   +--------------------------------------+
   

2. ACOS(): It returns the cosine of a number.

   Syntax:  SELECT ACOS(0.25);

   Output: 1.318116071652818

3. ASIN(): It returns the arc sine of a number.

   Syntax: SELECT ASIN(0.25);

   Output: 0.25268025514207865

4. ATAN(): It returns the arc tangent of a number.

   Syntax: SELECT ATAN(2.5);

   Output: 1.1902899496825317

5. CEIL(): It returns the smallest integer value that is greater than or equal to a number.

   Syntax: SELECT CEIL(25.75);

   Output: 26

6. CEILING(): It returns the smallest integer value that is greater than or equal to a number.

   Syntax: SELECT CEILING(25.75);

   Output: 26

7. COS(): It returns the cosine of a number.

   Syntax: SELECT COS(30);

   Output: 0.15425144988758405

8. COT(): It returns the cotangent of a number.

   Syntax: SELECT COT(6);

   Output: -3.436353004180128

9. DEGREES(): It converts a radian value into degrees.

   Syntax: SELECT DEGREES(1.5);

   Output: 85.94366926962348

   SQL>SELECT DEGREES(PI());
   +------------------------------------------+
   | DEGREES(PI())                                           
   +------------------------------------------+
   | 180.000000                                              
   +------------------------------------------+

10. DIV(): It is used for integer division.

    Syntax: SELECT 10 DIV 5;

    Output: 2

11. EXP(): It returns e raised to the power of number.

    Syntax: SELECT EXP(1);

    Output: 2.718281828459045

12. FLOOR(): It returns the largest integer value that is less than or equal to a number.

    Syntax: SELECT FLOOR(25.75);

    Output: 25

13. GREATEST(): It returns the greatest value in a list of expressions.

    Syntax: SELECT GREATEST(30, 2, 36, 81, 125);

    Output: 125

14. LEAST(): It returns the smallest value in a list of expressions.

    Syntax: SELECT LEAST(30, 2, 36, 81, 125);

    Output: 2

15. LN(): It returns the natural logarithm of a number.

    Syntax: SELECT LN(2);

    Output: 0.6931471805599453

16. LOG10(): It returns the base-10 logarithm of a number.

    Syntax: SELECT LOG(2);

    Output: 0.6931471805599453

17. LOG2(): It returns the base-2 logarithm of a number.

    Syntax: SELECT LOG2(6);

    Output: 2.584962500721156

18. MOD(): It returns the remainder of n divided by m.

    Syntax: SELECT MOD(18, 4);

    Output: 2

19. PI(): It returns the value of PI displayed with 6 decimal places.

    Syntax: SELECT PI();

    Output: 3.141593

20. POW(): It returns m raised to the nth power.

    Syntax: SELECT POW(4, 2);

    Output: 16

21. RADIANS(): It converts a value in degrees to radians.

    Syntax: SELECT RADIANS(180);

    Output: 3.141592653589793

22. RAND(): It returns a random number.

    Syntax: SELECT RAND();

    Output: 0.33623238684258644

23. ROUND(): It returns a number rounded to a certain number of decimal places.

    Syntax: SELECT ROUND(5.553);

    Output: 6

24. SIGN(): It returns a value indicating the sign of a number.

    Syntax: SELECT SIGN(255.5);

    Output: 1

25. SIN(): It returns the sine of a number.

    Syntax: SELECT SIN(2);

    Output: 0.9092974268256817

26. SQRT(): It returns the square root of a number.

    Syntax: SELECT SQRT(25);

    Output: 5

27. TAN(): It returns the tangent of a number.

    Syntax: SELECT TAN(1.75);

    Output: -5.52037992250933

28. ATAN2(): It returns the arctangent of the x and y coordinates, as an angle and expressed in radians.

    Syntax: SELECT ATAN2(7);

    Output: 1.42889927219073

29. TRUNCATE(): This doesn’t work for SQL Server. It returns 7.53635 truncated to 2 places right of the decimal point.

    Syntax: SELECT TRUNCATE(7.53635, 2);

    Output: 7.53