GGPLOT AXIS LABELS
labs()
or the functions xlab()
and ylab()
.In this R graphics tutorial, you will learn how to:
- Remove the x and y axis labels to create a graph with no axis labels. For example to hide x axis labels, use this R code:
p + theme(axis.title.x = element_blank())
. - Change the font style of axis labels (size, color and face).
Contents:
- Key ggplot2 R functions
- Change axis labels
- Change label size, color and face
- Remove axis labels
- Conclusion
Key ggplot2 R functions
- Start by creating a box plot using the
ToothGrowth
data set:
library(ggplot2)
p <- ggplot(ToothGrowth, aes(x = factor(dose), y = len)) +
geom_boxplot()
- Change x and y axis labels as follow:
- p + xlab(“New X axis label”): Change the X axis label
- p + ylab(“New Y axis label”): Change the Y axis label
- p + labs(x = “New X axis label”, y = “New Y axis label”): Change both x and y axis labels
- Key ggplot2 theme options to change the font style of axis titles:
theme(
axis.title = element_text(), # Change both x and y axis titles
axis.title.x = element_text(), # Change x axis title only
axis.title.x.top = element_text(), # For x axis label on top axis
axis.title.y = element_text(), # Change y axis title only
axis.title.y.right = element_text(), # For y axis label on right axis
)
Arguments of the function element_text()
includes:
- color, size, face, family: to change the text font color, size, face (“plain”, “italic”, “bold”, “bold.italic”) and family.
- lineheight: change space between two lines of text elements. Number between 0 and 1. Useful for multi-line axis titles.
- hjust and vjust: number in [0, 1], for horizontal and vertical adjustment of axis titles, respectively.
hjust = 0.5
: Center axis titles.hjust = 1
: Place axis titles on the righthjust = 0
: Place axis titles on the left
- To remove a particular axis title, use
element_blank()
instead ofelement_text()
, for the corresponding theme argument.
For example to remove all axis titles, use this: p + theme(axis.title = element_blank())
.
Change axis labels
# Default plot
print(p)
# Change axis labels
p <- p + labs(x = "Dose (mg)", y = "Teeth length")
p
Change label size, color and face
- Key functions:
theme()
andelement_text()
- Allowed values for axis titles font face: “plain”, “italic”, “bold” and “bold.italic”
p + theme(
axis.title.x = element_text(color = "blue", size = 14, face = "bold"),
axis.title.y = element_text(color = "#993333", size = 14, face = "bold")
)
Remove axis labels
Key function: use element_blank()
to suppress axis labels.
p + theme(axis.title.x = element_blank(),
axis.title.y = element_blank())
Remove all axis titles at once:
p + theme(axis.title = element_blank())
Conclusion
Change a ggplot x and y axis titles as follow:
p + labs(x = " x labels", y = "y labels")+
theme(
axis.title.x = element_text(size = 14, face = "bold"),
axis.title.y = element_text(size = 14, face = "bold.italic")
)
Python Example for Beginners
Two Machine Learning Fields
There are two sides to machine learning:
- Practical Machine Learning:This is about querying databases, cleaning data, writing scripts to transform data and gluing algorithm and libraries together and writing custom code to squeeze reliable answers from data to satisfy difficult and ill defined questions. It’s the mess of reality.
- Theoretical Machine Learning: This is about math and abstraction and idealized scenarios and limits and beauty and informing what is possible. It is a whole lot neater and cleaner and removed from the mess of reality.
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