(R Tutorials for Citizen Data Scientist) R Visualisation for Beginners – Histograms A histogram represents the frequencies of values of a variable bucketed into ranges. Histogram is similar to bar chat but the difference is it groups the values into continuous ranges. Each bar in histogram represents the height of the number of values present …
(R Tutorials for Citizen Data Scientist) R Visualisation for Beginners – Boxplots Boxplots are a measure of how well distributed is the data in a data set. It divides the data set into three quartiles. This graph represents the minimum, maximum, median, first quartile and third quartile in the data set. It is also useful …
(R Tutorials for Citizen Data Scientist) R Visualisation for Beginners – Bar Charts A bar chart represents data in rectangular bars with length of the bar proportional to the value of the variable. R uses the function barplot() to create bar charts. R can draw both vertical and Horizontal bars in the bar chart. In bar chart …
(R Tutorials for Citizen Data Scientist) R Visualisation for Beginners – Pie Charts R Programming language has numerous libraries to create charts and graphs. A pie-chart is a representation of values as slices of a circle with different colors. The slices are labeled and the numbers corresponding to each slice is also represented in the …
(R Tutorials for Citizen Data Scientist) Beginners tutorial with R – RDBMS The data is Relational database systems are stored in a normalized format. So, to carry out statistical computing we will need very advanced and complex Sql queries. But R can connect easily to many relational databases like MySql, Oracle, Sql server etc. and …
(R Tutorials for Citizen Data Scientist) Beginners tutorial with R – How to load an Excel File Microsoft Excel is the most widely used spreadsheet program which stores data in the .xls or .xlsx format. R can read directly from these files using some excel specific packages. Few such packages are – XLConnect, xlsx, gdata …
(R Tutorials for Citizen Data Scientist) Beginners tutorial with R – How to load CSV Files In R, we can read data from files stored outside the R environment. We can also write data into files which will be stored and accessed by the operating system. R can read and write into various file formats …
(R Tutorials for Citizen Data Scientist) Beginners tutorial with R – Data Reshaping Data Reshaping in R is about changing the way data is organized into rows and columns. Most of the time data processing in R is done by taking the input data as a data frame. It is easy to extract data from …
(R Tutorials for Citizen Data Scientist) Beginners tutorial with R – Data Frames A data frame is a table or a two-dimensional array-like structure in which each column contains values of one variable and each row contains one set of values from each column. Following are the characteristics of a data frame. The column names …
(R Tutorials for Citizen Data Scientist) Beginners tutorial with R – Factors Factors are the data objects which are used to categorize the data and store it as levels. They can store both strings and integers. They are useful in the columns which have a limited number of unique values. Like “Male, “Female” and True, …